Introduction
Hepatitis B is a dangerous but often ignored disease that’s quietly spreading across Nigeria. With over 20 million Nigerians estimated to be living with the virus, it’s one of the biggest public health threats facing the country today. Many people who carry the virus don’t even know they have it — until it causes serious damage to the liver.
If untreated, Hepatitis B can lead to liver cancer, liver failure, or death. The good news is that it can be prevented, tested for, and managed if caught early.
What is Hepatitis B?
Hepatitis B is a viral infection that affects the liver. It is caused by the Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and can be either:
Acute: Short-term infection where the body fights it off naturally.
Chronic: Long-term infection that stays in the body and causes lasting liver damage.
In Nigeria, chronic Hepatitis B is more common due to late diagnosis and low awareness.
How is Hepatitis B Transmitted?
The virus is spread through blood and body fluids, including:
Unprotected sex
Sharing needles or blades
Mother-to-child transmission at birth
Blood transfusions (if not properly screened)
Sharing clippers, razors, or toothbrushes
Many Nigerians get infected in early childhood or during traditional practices like scarification or circumcision without sterilized tools.
Why Nigerians Are at High Risk
- Low Awareness Many people have never heard of Hepatitis B or don’t know how it spreads.
- Lack of Routine Testing People don’t test unless they fall very ill. The virus often stays silent for years before symptoms appear.
- Cultural Practices The use of unsterilized sharp instruments for tribal marks, circumcision, or haircuts increases transmission risk.
- Poor Vaccination Rates Though vaccines are available, many adults never received the full vaccine dose — especially those born before the 2000s.
Symptoms to Watch For
Most people with Hepatitis B don’t feel sick until the liver is already damaged. When symptoms show up, they can include:
Tiredness and weakness
Yellowing of the eyes (jaundice)
Dark urine
Loss of appetite
Pain on the right side of the abdomen
Nausea and vomiting
Because these symptoms resemble other illnesses like malaria or typhoid, Hepatitis B is often misdiagnosed or ignored.
Testing and Diagnosis
A simple blood test can detect the virus. It’s available at most clinics and labs in Nigeria. If you test positive, further tests will be done to know if the infection is acute or chronic and whether your liver has been affected.
Early diagnosis is key to avoiding complications.
How to Prevent Hepatitis B
✅ Get Vaccinated
The Hepatitis B vaccine is safe, effective, and can prevent infection. It is usually given in 3 doses over 6 months.
✅ Avoid Sharing Sharp Objects
Don’t share razors, needles, earrings, or clippers. Barbers and salons should always sterilize their tools.
✅ Practice Safe Sex
Use condoms to protect yourself and your partner.
✅ Screen Blood Before Transfusion
Make sure hospitals screen all blood for HBV and other viruses.
✅ Test Before Marriage or Pregnancy
Both partners should know their HBV status to protect the unborn child if infected.
Treatment and Management
There is no complete cure for chronic Hepatitis B, but it can be managed. Antiviral medications can help slow the virus and protect the liver.
Doctors also recommend regular monitoring of liver function and lifestyle changes like:
Avoiding alcohol
Eating a healthy diet
Reducing stress
Early treatment helps prevent liver cancer and extends life.
Final Thoughts
Hepatitis B is a serious but preventable disease. It is time Nigerians stop ignoring it. A simple test and a free or low-cost vaccine can protect you and your family for life.
If you haven’t been tested, go to the nearest hospital or lab today. If you’re negative, get vaccinated. If you’re positive, don’t panic — see a doctor and begin treatment.
The fight against Hepatitis B starts with awareness, prevention, and action. Share this message — it could save a life.
